Predators

What’s Causing Trouble in Your Bee House?

Your bee house may look healthy on the outside. But what’s happening inside?

Inside a mason bee nesting chamber: pollen mites in the cells, Houdini fly larvae, and Houdini fly frass

Behind those mud-capped holes, pollen mites, Houdini flies, chalkbrood, mono wasps and other threats can be hidden inside the nesting chambers. If nesting material isn’t opened and cleaned each year, these threats can remain inside and spread from season to season.

Over time, your “bee hotel” can become a “predator hotel.”

Explore the predator guides to see what these threats look like inside real mason bee nests and learn how to help protect your bees.

Harvest & Clean

What's Inside Your Bee House Matters

Your mason bee house may look healthy from the outside, but you can't see what's happening behind those mud-capped nesting chambers.

Inside may be healthy mason bee cocoons, along with pollen mites, Houdini flies, chalkbrood, mono wasps and other threats that can harm developing bees and spread from season to season.

That's why opening, harvesting and cleaning your mason bee nesting material each fall is an important part of proper mason bee care.

Proper Care Starts in Spring

Fall harvesting and cleaning actually begins with the nesting material you choose in spring.

Each spring, mason bees should be given clean nesting material that can be easily opened at the end of the season, such as stacking trays or cardboard tubes with removable liners. This allows you to open each nesting chamber, inspect what happened inside, harvest the cocoons and remove predators and disease.

Harvesting and cleaning is one part of the mason bee care cycle. From putting out clean nesting material in spring to removing filled nests at the end of the season, a few simple steps can help protect your bees throughout the year.

Why Harvest & Clean?

Opening your nesting material allows you to remove predators and protect future generations of bees.

By harvesting and cleaning, you can:

  • Identify and remove predators and disease
  • Separate healthy cocoons from compromised ones
  • Remove pollen mites and debris from cocoons
  • Clean nesting material before it is used again
  • Help interrupt the life cycles of predators and disease

Leaving nesting material unopened year after year allows problems to remain hidden inside and continue into the next generation.

Watch How to Harvest, Wash & Store Your Mason Bee Cocoons

Not sure where to start? Watch our step-by-step video as we show you how to open your nesting material, harvest and wash your cocoons, and safely store your mason bees through winter.

Watch the Step-by-Step Video →

Watch How We Clean 3 Million Mason Bee Cocoons

Pollen Mites

Pollen mites are tiny kleptoparasites that can have a big impact on mason bees. They hide in flowers and hitch a ride on adult bees back to their nests.

Once inside a nesting chamber, pollen mites feed on the pollen loaf the female mason bee collected for her offspring. As the mites multiply by the thousands and consume the pollen, the developing bee starves and perishes, leaving the nesting chamber overrun with pollen mites.

The mites remain inside the chamber until the following spring. When mason bees emerge from nearby chambers, the mites hitch a ride on their bodies back to flowers, where they can spread to other bees and nests.

This is why opening, harvesting and cleaning mason bee nesting material each fall is so important. Removing pollen mites helps break their cycle and protect the next generation of mason bees.

A mason bee covered in pollen mites
Pollen mites filling mason bee nesting cells
Pollen mites clustered on the back of a mason bee

Visit Our Pollen Mite Video Library

  • What Do Pollen Mites Look Like on Mason Bees & Inside Nesting Chambers? #rentmasonbees #pollenmites
  • Pollen Mites Are Big Trouble for Mason Bees - Learn How You Can Help Them
  • WHY BAMBOO AND DRILLED LOGS HARM MASON BEES
  • Harvesting Mason Bee Cocoons - Discover What's Inside Your Nesting Material
  • HOW TO PROTECT MASON BEES FROM PREDATORS!
  • LEARN HOW MASON BEES SPIN THEIR SILK COCOON AND SEE HOW POLLEN MITES DEVELOP INSIDE A NESTING CELL
  • POLLEN MITES IN NESTING CHAMBERS AND ON MASON BEES - Learn How You Can Protect Your Bees
  • Identify what is inside your nesting block during a MASON BEE HARVEST
  • Mason Bee Predator Research POLLEN MITES and CHALKBROOD - Study by UC Riverside

Houdini Fly

Houdini flies are invasive kleptoparasites that can quickly spread through mason bee nests. The adult fly sneaks into an open nesting chamber while the female mason bee is away and lays its eggs on the pollen loaf she has collected for her offspring. When the Houdini fly eggs hatch, the larvae consume the pollen intended for the developing mason bee. Without its food source, the developing bee starves and perishes, leaving the nesting chamber filled with Houdini fly larvae.

A single Houdini fly can lay up to 300 eggs, while a female mason bee lays only about 15 eggs in her lifetime. This reproductive advantage allows Houdini flies to multiply and spread rapidly.

If infested nesting material is left unmanaged, adult Houdini flies can emerge and continue spreading to other mason bee nests.

This is why opening, harvesting and cleaning mason bee nesting material each fall is so important. Identifying and removing Houdini flies helps break their life cycle, slow their spread and protect the next generation of mason bees.

Inside a Mason Bee Nesting Chamber
Houdini fly

Photo: Rent Mason Bees

We Are Hunting Houdini

If you spot houdini around your bee hotel or find their larvae inside your nesting chamber, please report it below.

Houdini Fly Threatens Mason Bees Across North America

Visit Our Houdini Fly Video Library

  • Houdini Flies Took Over This Mason Bee Nest! Learn How to Protect Your Bees #rentmasonbees
  • What Do Houdini Flies & Their Larvae Look Like in Mason Bee Nest? #rentmasonbees
  • Inside the Research Project Studying Houdini Fly & Threat to Mason Bees #rentmasonbees #houdinifly
  • MASON BEE PREDATOR ALERT! Invasive Houdini Fly is Spreading Across North America #rentmasonbees
  • Houdini Fly Update: Where They Are, Future Research & How to Report If You Find Them! #rentmasonbees
  • MASON BEE PREDATOR ALERT! Houdini Fly - How to Spot, Stop and Hunt Them!
  • MASON BEE PREDATORS - A creepy look at predators up close

Chalkbrood

Chalkbrood is a fungal disease caused by spores that can contaminate the pollen mason bees collect from flowers. When a female mason bee gathers pollen for her offspring, she may unknowingly bring chalkbrood spores back to the nesting chamber.

When the developing larva eats contaminated pollen, the spores germinate in its gut, infect the larva and eventually kill it, leaving behind a dried, chalk-like mummy. The fungus produces more spores that remain inside the nesting chamber.

The following spring, emerging adult mason bees can crawl through these spores as they make their way out of the nest. The spores can cling to the bees and be carried to other nesting chambers and flowers, continuing the cycle of infection.

This is why opening, harvesting and cleaning mason bee nesting material each fall is so important. Removing chalkbrood and properly cleaning nesting material helps reduce the spread of fungal spores and protect the next generation of mason bees.

A chalkbrood mummy inside a mason bee nesting cell
Chalkbrood spores and a mummy inside a nesting chamber

Visit Our Chalkbrood Video Library

  • What Does Chalkbrood Look Like in Mason Bees? #rentmasonbees #pollinators #garden

Summer Predator — Mono Wasp

Mono wasps are tiny parasitoid wasps that attack developing mason bees inside their cocoons. The female wasp uses her long ovipositor to penetrate the nesting material and lay her eggs inside the mason bee cocoon.

When the eggs hatch, the mono wasp larvae feed on and kill the developing mason bee inside the cocoon.

Because the damage happens inside the nest, a bee house can look perfectly healthy from the outside while mono wasps are developing inside the cocoons. If infested cocoons are left unmanaged, adult wasps emerge and can continue the cycle by attacking more developing mason bees.

This is why opening, harvesting and inspecting mason bee nesting material each fall is so important. Identifying and removing infested cocoons helps break the mono wasp life cycle and protect the next generation of mason bees.

Mono wasps swarming a mason bee cocoon
A split mason bee cocoon with mono wasp larvae on the bee
A mono wasp with a long ovipositor. Photo by D.F. Veirs
A tiny mono wasp on a bee house, shown next to a fingertip for scale

Visit Our Mono Wasp Video Library

  • What Do Mono Wasps Look Like In Mason Bee Nest #rentmasonbees
  • MONO WASPS: Protect Your Mason Bees from This Tiny Summer Predator #rentmasonbees #masonbees
  • Mason Bee Predator: The Mono Wasp — How to Protect Your Bees! #masonbees
  • Check Your Unopened Mason Bee Cocoons for Mono Wasps
  • Mason Bee Predator - MONO WASPS - Learn how to help your bees
  • Mono Wasps Inside Mason Bee Cocoon

Fall Harvest

Fall is harvest time! See how we harvest and clean more than 3 million mason bee cocoons each year, then learn how to do it yourself. Our step-by-step video walks you through opening your nesting materials, harvesting the cocoons, cleaning them and getting your bees ready for winter storage.
Watch our harvest in action or follow along and learn to harvest your own bees.

Predator Video Library

  • What Predators Look Like Inside Your Mason Bee Nesting Material #rentmasonbees #masonbees
  • Harvesting Mason Bee Cocoons - Discover What's Inside Your Nesting Material
  • POLLEN MITES IN NESTING CHAMBERS AND ON MASON BEES - Learn How You Can Protect Your Bees
  • MASON BEE PREDATOR ALERT! Houdini Fly - How to Spot, Stop and Hunt Them!
  • WHY BAMBOO AND DRILLED LOGS HARM MASON BEES
  • WHAT IS A MASON BEE? Watch Their Life Cycle, Predators & How You Can Help!
  • MASON BEE PREDATORS - A creepy look at predators up close
  • Check Your Unopened Mason Bee Cocoons for Mono Wasps
  • Mason Bee Predator - MONO WASPS - Learn how to help your bees
  • Mono Wasps Inside Mason Bee Cocoon
  • How to Snip the Tip off Cocoons to Remove Mono Wasps & Help Mason Bees Emerge
  • HOW TO PROTECT MASON BEES FROM PREDATORS!
  • How We Clean 3 Million Mason Bee Cocoons to Keep Bees Healthy & Predator-Free | Rent Mason Bees
  • Mason Bee Predator: The Mono Wasp — How to Protect Your Bees! #masonbees
  • BAMBOO & DRILLED LOGS HARM MASON BEES #masonbees #rentmasonbees
  • Bamboo & Drilled Logs Harm Mason Bees (Here's Why) #rentmasonbees #masonbees
  • MASON BEE PREDATOR ALERT! Invasive Houdini Fly is Spreading Across North America #rentmasonbees
  • Inside the Research Project Studying Houdini Fly & Threat to Mason Bees #rentmasonbees #houdinifly
  • MONO WASPS: Protect Your Mason Bees from This Tiny Summer Predator #rentmasonbees #masonbees
  • What Does Chalkbrood Look Like in Mason Bees? #rentmasonbees #pollinators #garden
  • What Do Pollen Mites Look Like on Mason Bees & Inside Nesting Chambers? #rentmasonbees #pollenmites
  • What Do Houdini Flies & Their Larvae Look Like in Mason Bee Nest? #rentmasonbees
  • What Do Mono Wasps Look Like In Mason Bee Nest #rentmasonbees
  • Pollen Mites Are Big Trouble for Mason Bees - Learn How You Can Help Them
  • Predators On the Inside - What they look like and how solitary bees make their nesting chambers
  • Houdini Flies Took Over This Mason Bee Nest! Learn How to Protect Your Bees #rentmasonbees
  • Mason Bee Fall Harvest: What to Do With Harvest Debris & Predators #rentmasonbees